2. INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH

WITOLD MARCISZEWSKI
Doct. diss. on historical controversies about analytic sentences (supervised by S.Kamiński). Habil. diss. on foundations of logical theories of belief. --- Current main interest: logical theory in relation to natural and artificial intelligence - in the light of experiences due to mechanization of reasoning, interpreted with the help of Leibniz's philosophy (more - at the home page, see the link above).

KAZIMIERZ TRZĘSICKI
Doct. diss. on a quasi-topological model of text coherence (supervised by W.Marciszewski). Habil. diss. contains results of the author's tense-logical approach to Łukasiewicz's indeterminism. --- Logical semantics, esp. theories of meaning. Two textbooks of logic. Prof. Trzęsicki established the Institute of Management at the Technological University in Białystok which was run by him with a considerable success, including a flourishing collaboration with "Tempus" project and the highest quality of electronic equippment for teaching purposes. In connexion with this activity he is also engaged in research on ethics of business.

HALINA ŚWIĘCZKOWSKA
Doct. diss. on definite descriptions as rendered in syntactic structures of Polish (supervised by W.Marciszewski). Habilitation Thesis on Leibniz's philosophy of language. --- Logic of natural language. History of relations between logic and linguistics. An interplay of natural language and formal language in mathematics (in collaboration with Zinaida Trybulec). In 1998 she has finished her habilitation thesis concerning Leibniz's views on cognitive power of natural languages. Editor of Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric (see below 3.4).

ZINAIDA TRYBULEC
Doct. diss. on a syntactic algorithm for testing homonymity (supervised by Z.Saloni). An expert in computer-aided logic instruction. Publications on this subject and on the language of mathematical texts.

ANNA ZALEWSKA
In her doct. diss. she created a system of algorithmic logic based on Gentzen-like rules and equipped with a prover. Publications on the same subject and on computer-aided logic instruction. Contributions to mathematical database managed by MIZAR.

ROMAN MATUSZEWSKI
Director of the Dpt Computer Laboratory. Editor of Formalized Mathematics: A Computer-Assisted Approach (see below 3.6). Publications on computer-aided instruction of logic and mathematics. Organizer of the 2nd QED Workshop (see Mathesis Universalis No.1, item 2-3). No.1).

ANDRZEJ MALEC
Publications on deontic logic and on definitions in legal texts. The latter is the subject-matter of his doctoral diss. supervised by K.Trzesicki.

DARIUSZ SUROWIK
Contributions to mathematical database managed by MIZAR. Doctoral diss. on tense logic, being supervised by K.Trzęsicki

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3. THE TEAM AND ITS HISTORY

3.1. The Chair has been established in 1975. To some extent it succeeded in combining various individual interests with a team work. The latter was most influenced by two personalities: that of the Head himself who contributed philosophical knowledge and inspirations as well as some text-processing technologies, and Dr. Andrzej Trybulec (runs Informatics Section in the Institute of Mathematics) who contributed his project MIZAR concerning automated deduction (see Mathesis Universalis No.3).

3.2. In 1975-80, a grant from the Documentation Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences made it possible to handle some problems of text processing. This resulted in three doctoral dissertations: those of Kazimierz Trzęsicki (see above), Zinaida Trybulec (see above), and Jerzy Kopania, the last (supervised by W.Marciszewski) concerning a logic of thesauruses, and in W.Marciszewski's book "Metody analizy tekstu naukowego", PWN 1977, 1981 (Methods of Analyzing Scientific Texts).

3.3. In 1980-90 the research focussed on formalization and mechanization of reasoning in philosophical and technical aspects, this having been accompanied by computer-assisted teaching of logic. Opposing views on formalized reasoning, those of Leibniz and of Descartes, gave rise to an extensive discussion of the 17th century rationalism, including its Platonian background, which resulted in a cluster of publications and dissertations.

Jerzy Kopania (now Associate Professor in an institute of philosophy) wrote his habilitation thesis on Descartes' theory of ideas, and

Ms. M.Czarniawska's her doctoral dissertation on the Platonian theory of ideas in Marburg School (supervised by W.Marciszewski); then they both formed a new team, more devoted to pure philosophy, and working within an institute of philosophy (they established book series Idea, enjoying a high appreciation).

Ms. Krystyna Błachowicz (now in the Institute of Philosophy of Warsaw University) wrote her doctoral dissertation on early Leibniz's theory of substance, and Maciej Juniewicz (now in the Institute of Mathematics of Szczecin University) - on Leibniz's modal calculus of concepts; both works (supervised by W.Marciszewski), later published in books and journals, made essential use of techniques of formalized proofs.

A link between formalization and natural language was provided by H.Święczkowska's dissertation (see above).

Advanced non-classical formalization techniques are due to Marcin Mostowski's (now in the Institute of Philosophy of Warsaw University) dissertation on branched quantifiers (supervised by B.Stanosz). As for K.Trzęsicki's habilitation, see above.

3.4. In 1980 the Department started to publish the annual Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, edited first by J.Kopania and H.Święczkowska, then by the latter alone, a useful forum for own publications but also for winning eminent guest contributors from abroad (the journal succeeded in the latter too); up to now there appeared 14 issues.

3.5. A culmination of team work took place in 1986-1990 when the Department coordinated the research carried out in ten Polish universities (supported by the Ministry of Science and Education) on logical systems and algorithms for computer-aided reasoning. In the Department and its closest environment, this research brought (i) the rapid development of Trybulec's system MIZAR for automated proof-checking and mathematical databases, now classed among leading systems of this kind in the world, and (ii) the book on the history of mechanization of reasoning published in Amsterdam 1995 (see Mathesis Universalis No.3, item 3-1). In 1995 the Department organized the 2nd International Workshop on automated reasoning in which took part John MacCarthy, the greatest champion in this domain (see Mathesis Universalis No.1, items 2-3, 2-4, the latter containing a picture of participants).

3.6. 1990-95 is a period of acceleration in publishing and in developing electronic data bases.
--- 8 books (2 abroad, in Amsterdam and Berlin) have been published by the Department members, including 3 textbooks on logic; moreover, the classical textbook by Alfred Tarski, translated from English, has been edited, commented and published by the Department in its own book series termed "Cogito".
--- The journal Formalized Mathematics: A Computer Assisted Approach is being edited by Roman Matuszewski to publish information about new results which enter the mathematical database automatically managed by the MIZAR software; ca. 100 regular receivers worldwide, 4 issues every year since 1990. In 1996 the journal starts to appear in electronic version as well.
--- In 1992-94 a grant received from KBN (Polish Ministry of Science) made it possible to accumulate experiences and skills which resulted in Mathesis Universalis in 1996.

3.7. Since Jan. 1997 a grant received from KBN (Polish Ministry of Science) concerning applications of mechanized reasoning in AI and N(atural)I research.